Research projects

Prof. Dr. Christian Klug

Taxonomic, morphological and functional diversity of Placodermi and Chondrichthyes from the Late Devonian of Morocco

Leadership/contacts

Duration

May 2019 to December 2023

Funding sources

SNF, Personen- und Projektförderung

Collaborations

Summary

The Devonian is often called the “age of fishes” because during the Middle Palaeozoic, jawed vertebrates are abundant in the Devonian sediments and increase in the Devonian compared to the Silurian. In the marine realm, ever more complex foodwebs evolved by the Middle Devonian, in which cephalopods and vertebrates apparently played important roles as predators. Although a likely scenario, it is difficult to assess the roles of the players due to the often incomplete preservation (isolated bones etc.) and the scarcity of information on trophic relationships.
The Moroccan Anti-Atlas is characterized by vast fossiliferous outcrops of Devonian
strata. As demonstrated during the preceding project (“A new Fossillagerstätte from the Late Devonian of Morocco: faunal composition, taphonomy and palaeoecology”), the Maïder Basin yields faunal associations of varying compositions including
exceptionally preserved jawed fishes. These associations allow for unique insights into ecological changes including the varying roles of the different gnathostomes. In this project, we plan the following sequence of studies:
1.Description of new chondrichthyan and placoderm species from the Famennian.
2. Refine details of the phylogeny of early vertebrates from the Devonian based on
our new, often rather complete material.
3.The new anatomical information will enable us to more accurately identify the
ecological requirements of these Late Devonian chondrichthyans and placoderms. In turn, we will better understand the extinction of placoderms
and the survival of chondrichthyans. This question is of interest to better understand
ecological changes in marine habitats caused by, e.g., selective fishing today.

Keywords

Devonian, Chondrichthyes, Placodermi, palaeoecology, macroecology, functional morphology, phylogeny

Publications

Klug, C., Coates, M. I., Frey, L., Greif, M., Jobbins, M., Pohle, A., Lagnaoui, A., Bel Haouz, W. & Ginter, M. (2023): CT-stacks of the neurocranium of the Late Devonian chondrichthyan Maghriboselache. – Morphosource, 2 CT image stacks & 2 sets of ply-files of 2 crania. https://www.morphosource.org/projects/000492799?locale=en
Klug, C., Coates, M. I., Frey, L., Greif, M., Jobbins, M., Pohle, A., Lagnaoui, A., Bel Haouz, W. & Ginter, M. (2023): Broad snouted cladoselachian with sensory specialisation at the base of modern chondrichthyans. – Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 142(2): 1-28, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00266-6
Greif, M., Ferron, H. G. & Klug, C. (2022): A minute Meckel’s cartilage from the Devonian Hangenberg black shale in Morocco and its position in chondrichthyan jaw morphospace. – PeerJ, 10:e14418: 1-20. http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14418.
Jobbins, M. E. M., Rücklin, M., Ferron, H. G. & Klug, C. (2022): A new selenosteid placoderm from the Late Devonian of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) with preserved body outline and its ecomorphology. – Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10:969158: 1-20. Lausanne. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.969158
Cloutier, R., Klug, C., Lee, M. Y. S. & Kerr, J. (2021): Finding a rare fossilized comb jelly reveals new gaps in the fossil record. – The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/finding-a-rare-fossilized-comb-jelly-reveals-new-gaps-in-the-fossil-record-168793
Ziegler, R. & Klug, C. (2021): Klettverschluss im Mund. Neuer Kiefergelenk-Typ bei alten Haien entdeckt. – GfBS newsletter, 39: 40-41, Berlin.
Klug, C., Lagnaoui, A., Jobbins, M., Bel Haouz, W. & Najih, A. (2021): The swimming trace Undichna from the latest Devonian Hangenberg Sandstone equivalent of Morocco. – Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 140(19): 1-13, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-021-00237-9
Klug, C. Kerr, J., Lee, M. Y. S. & Cloutier, R. (2021): A late-surviving stem-ctenophore from the Late Devonian of Miguasha (Canada): a Lazarus dinomischid? – Scientific Reports, 11:19039 9 pp, London. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98362-5
Jobbins, M. E. M., Rücklin, M., Argyriou, T. & Klug, C. (2021): A large Middle Devonian eubrachythoracid ‘placoderm’ (Arthrodira) jaw from northern Gondwana. – Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 140(2): 1-17, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00212-w
Jobbins, M. E. M., Rücklin, M., Argyriou, T. & Klug, C. (2020): CT and 3D Data from: A large Middle Devonian eubrachythoracid ‘placoderm’ (Arthrodira) jaw from northern Gondwana. – Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.p5hqbzkng
Frey, L., Coates, M. I., Tietjen, K., Rücklin, M. & Klug, C. (2020): Image stack, PLY-files and a NEX-file accompanying: A new symmoriiform from the Late Devonian of Morocco: novel jaw function in ancient sharks. – Dryad, London. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qrfj6q5d2
Frey, L., Coates, M. I., Tietjen, K., Rücklin, M. & Klug, C. (2020): A new symmoriiform from the Late Devonian of Morocco: novel jaw function in ancient sharks. –Communications Biology, 3:681: 1-10, London. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01394-2
Coatham, S. J., Vinther, J., Rayfield, E. J. & Klug, C. (2020): Was the Devonian placoderm Titanichthys a filter-feeder? – v4, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9kd51c5d6
Coatham, S. J., Vinther, J., Rayfield, E. J. & Klug, C. (2020): Was the Devonian placoderm Titanichthys a filter-feeder? – Royal Society Open Science, 7: 200272: 10 pp., London. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200272
Jobbins, M., Haug, C. & Klug, C. (2020): Famennian thylacocephalans from Morocco and their role in Late Devonian foodwebs. – Scientific Reports, 10:5129: 1-9, London. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61770-0
Frey, L., Coates, M., Ginter, M., Hairapetian, V., Rücklin, M., Jerjen, I. & Klug, C. (2019): The early elasmobranch Phoebodus: phylogenetic relationships, ecomorphology, and a new time-scale for shark evolution. – Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 20191336: 1-11, London. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1336
Frey, L., Coates, M., Ginter, M., Hairapetian, V., Rücklin, M., Jerjen, I. & Klug, C. (2019): Image stacks and PLY-files accompanying: The early elasmobranch Phoebodus: phylogenetic relationships, ecomorphology, and a new time-scale for shark evolution. – Dryad, London. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.40qc27m
Frey, L., Pohle, A., Rücklin, M. & Klug, C. (2019): Fossil-Lagerstätten and preservation of vertebrates and invertebrates from the Devonian of Morocco (eastern Anti-Atlas). – Lethaia, 53: 242-266; Oslo. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12354
Becker, R. T., Hartenfels, S., Klug, C., Aboussalam, Z. S. & Afhüppe, L. (2018): The cephalopod-rich Famennian and Tournaisian of the Aguelmous Syncline (southern Maïder). Münstersche Forschungsberichte zur Geologie und Paläontologie 110 (1): 273–306.
Frey, L., Pohle, A., Rücklin, M. & Klug, C. (in preparation a): Fossil-Lagerstätten and preservation of vertebrates and invertebrates from the Devonian of Morocco (eastern Anti-Atlas).
Frey, L., Rücklin, M., Korn, D. & Klug, C. (2018): Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous alpha diversity, ecospace occupation, vertebrate assemblages and bio-events of southeastern Morocco. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology 496: 1–17.
Frey, L., Coates, M., Ginter, M., Hairapetian, V. & Klug, C. (in preparation b): First cranial and skeletal remains of Phoebodus (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) from the Maïder region, northeastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco.
Ginter, M., Hairapetian, V. & Klug, C. (2002): Famennian chondrichthyans from the shelves of North Gondwana. Acta Geologica Polonica 52: 169–215.
Klug, C., Frey, L., Korn, D., Jattiot, R. & Rücklin, M. (2016): The oldest Gondwanan cephalopod mandibles (Hangenberg Black Shale, Late Devonian) and the Mid-Palaeozoic rise of jaws. Palaeontology 59: 611–629. doi: 10.1111/pala.12248
22
Klug, C., Frey, L., Pohle, A., De Baets, K. & Korn, D. (2017): Palaeozoic evolution of animal mouthparts. Bulletin of Geosciences 92: 511–524.
Klug, C., Kröger, B., Kiessling, W., Mullins, G. L., Servais, T., Frýda, J., Korn, D. & Turner, S. (2010): The Devonian nekton revolution. Lethaia 43: 465–477.
Klug, C., Kröger, B., Rücklin, M., Korn, D., Schemm-Gregory, M., De Baets, K. & Mapes, R. H. (2008): Ecological change during the early Emsian (Devonian) in the Tafilalt (Morocco), the origin of the Ammonoidea, and the first African
pyrgocystid edrioasteroids, machaerids and phyllocarids. Palaeontographica A 283: 1–94 + pls. 1–7
Klug, C. & Vallon, L. H. (in press, 2019): Regurgitated ammonoid remains from the latest Devonian of Morocco. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology: ca. 12 pp.
Rücklin, M., Lelièvre, H. & Klug, C. (2018): Placodermi from the Early Devonian Kess-Kess Mounds of Hamar Laghdad, Southern Morocco. – In: Klug, C. & Korn, D. (eds.): Palaeontology of the Devonian of Hamar Laghdad (Tafilalt, Morocco). Special volume honouring Jobst Wendt. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, ca. 10 pp.